读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.读一读爱默生的散文,华兹斯和彭斯的诗歌,你会惊叹于大自然的灵气---路旁野菊的馨香,空谷幽兰的倩影,深涧飞瀑的激越,悠悠远山的静穆;体悟出“宠辱不惊,看厅前花开花落,去留无意,望天上云卷云飞”的超脱;感受到“冬雷阵阵夏雨雪,山无棱江海为竭”的绵绵深情。
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四、形容词、副词比较级、最高级
这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲,考生不难掌握。
例 1:Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.
◆此句costly是形容词,意思是“昂贵的”。它的比较级形式是more costly。costlier是错误的形式,须改成costly。
例 2:Elsewhere, rice experts in the
◆and要连接两个对称结构,此处应该为比较级:fewer stems and more seeds。
五、平行结构
平行结构错误主要指在连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。
例1:Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding which products to emphasize now,which to develop for the future,and which to be dropped.
◆本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now,which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致,均采用不定式主动语态,因而to be dropped应改为to drop。
六、非谓语动词
非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型,它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。例:
例1:The idea that learn a foreign language is hard work is realized by every student.
◆分析句子结构可知:the idea是主语;is realized是谓语部分;that引导同位语从句 。从句中learn a foreign language是主语,而learn是动词形式,应改为动名词“learning”。
例2:And any large or rich city is going to attract poor immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperity which are then often disappointing. (CET-6, 6, 02)
◆此处fill&immigrants的关系是被动,应该用过去分词。所以应该把filling改成filled。
例3: Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. (CET-6, 1, 02)
◆the modern footballer是view的逻辑主语,二者是被动关系,所以应该用过去分词短语作状语。所以应把viewing改成viewed。
七、固定搭配
固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的关键在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。
例1:The audit results from improvement in the frequency of majority representation and their portrayal in neutral or positive situations.
◆from应该改为in。result in是指“导致”;result from是指“由于”。improvement in the frequency of majority representation and their portrayal in neutral or positive situations是指审查的结果,而不是原因。
例2:It also takes rise to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology. (CET-6,6,03)
◆句中“takes rise to”是错误搭配,应把“takes”改为gives。“give rise to”是固定表达,有“引起、导致”的意思。考生需要平时积累动介词、动副词等词组以及诸多习惯用语。
例3:...about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East.(CET-6,6,00)
◆at应改为in,in the country为固定介词短语搭配。
例4:...,but such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients.(CET-6,93)
◆in应改为on,dependent on为固定的形容词短语搭配。
例5:However,a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners.(CET-6,6,00)
◆as应改为than,more...than...为固定句型搭配,表示“与其说……不如说……”。
八、词性错误
词性误用句中,错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上。做这类改错题,首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置,然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般来说,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词,副词修饰形容词。
例 1:We are not necessary capable of doing such an exacting job.
◆句中形容词necessary用于修饰形容词capable,属于词性误用,应改为副词形式necessarily。
九、易混淆的词
英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似,如assure/ensure,rise/arise/raise,effect/affect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型。
1. 单词形似
例1:His persistence was awarded when the car finally started.
◆句中“award”是“颁发,授予(奖赏)”之义,而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了,那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把award改成reward。
例2: the entire family——mother, father, children, even grandparents—living in a small house and working together to support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance of family cooperation and hard work.
◆此处强调的是全体的家庭成员,而不是任何一个,所以换Anyone为Everyone。(Notes:如果在题目中要修改的词在句首,那么修改的单词也必须是大写,否则不给分。)
2. 意义相同的单词误用。
例1:Between sunrise and sunset,streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars,buses and trucks.(CET-6,6,95)
◆原文讲述噪音污染,所以,此处的voice应改为noise。
例2:Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked,to him,very much as a napkin.(CET-6,6,00)
◆此处as应改为like,as与like都可作介词用,表示“像……一样”时,应用like,而as表示“作为……”。
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